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Vol. 20 (2017 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-1/1

Derkach S. R., Berestova G. I., Novikov V. Yu.,Kolotova D. S., Brichka K. M., Simonsen G
Chemical composition of Pechora Sea crude oil

The physicochemical properties of the Pechora Sea shelf oil and its chemical composition have been studied using the methods of refractometry, titrimetry, viscometry, rheometry and standard methods for the analysis of oil and petroleum products. The fractionation of oil is held at atmospheric pressure, some fractions boiling at the temperature below and above 211 °C have been received. Chemical structural-group composition of oil and its components has been investigated using a Fourier infrared (IR) spectroscopy method. The density of oil has been obtained, it is equal to 24.2 API. The chemical composition analysis shows that water content in the investigated oil sample is about 0.03 % (by weight). The oil sample contains hydrocarbons (including alkanes, naphthenes, arenes) and asphaltenes with resins; their content is equal to 89 and 10 % (by weight) respectively. Alkane content is about 66 %, including alkanes of normal structure – about 37 %. The solidification temperature of oil sample is equal to –43 °C. This low temperature testifies obliquely low content of solid alkanes (paraffin). Bearing in mind the content of asphaltenes with resins we can refer the investigated oil sample to resinous oils. On the other hand spectral coefficient values (aromaticity quotient and aliphaticity quotient) show that oil sample belongs to naphthenic oils. According to the data of Fourier IR spectroscopy contents of naphthenes and arenes are 5.9 and 17.8 % respectively. Thus, the obtained data of chemical structural-group composition of crude oil and its fractions indicate that this oil belongs to the heavy resinous naphthenic oils. The rheological parameters obtained at the shear deformation conditions characterize the crude oil as a visco-plastic medium.

(in Russian, стр.10, fig. 3, tables. 5, ref 14, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 29 (2026 year), No. 3, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2026-29-3

Kolotova D. S., Voropaeva S. O., Petrova L. A.
Development of biodegradable food films based on collagen-containing ichthyosubstance derived from cod waste: The effect of chitosan and plasticizers on mechanical and barrier properties

The rapid growth in the volume of synthetic polymer waste leads to serious environmental consequences, which is why the development of eco-friendly alternatives to food packaging is becoming increasingly important. The use of secondary bioresources, particularly processing waste from commercial fish species, allows simultaneously addressing the challenges of utilising by-products from the fish-processing industry and creating biodegradable packaging materials with tunable properties. The aim of this work is to develop biodegradable food films based on collagen-containing ichthyosubstance (ICS) extracted from cod waste, as well as to study the influence of chitosan (CS) and plasticisers, such as glycerol (G) and sorbitol (S), on the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. The yield of ichthyosubstance from the skin and scales of Atlantic cod was 72 %. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to determine the main molecular fractions of the ichthyosubstance, which were found to be 200, 117, 100 and 89 kDa. A series of biodegradable film samples was produced based on the obtained ichthyosubstance, with the addition of chitosan and various plasticisers (glycerol and sorbitol). Comprehensive characterisation of the microstructure, physicochemical, mechanical, barrier and thermal properties (via optical microscopy, IR spectroscopy, gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry), together with an evaluation of soil biodegradability, demonstrated that incorporating sorbitol as a plasticiser and increasing the chitosan content leads to the formation of films exhibiting enhanced uniformity, durability and thermal stability, along with lower water vapour permeability and moisture absorption. An optimal balance of mechanical and barrier properties was observed for the sample with the following composition: 60 % ICS + 37 % CS + 3 % S. The sample exhibited the following properties: tensile strength – 12.1 ± 1.1 MPa; melting point – 130.4 °C; water vapour permeability – 2819 ± 148 g/m?/day; moisture absorption – 49.0 ± 6.3 %/day. The obtained results confirm the potential of using collagen-containing ichthyosubstance from cod waste for developing eco-friendly food packaging with controlled biodegradability.

(in Russian, стр.18, fig. 8, tables. 5, ref 40, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)