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Vol. 27 (2024 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2024-27-1

Korolev V. A.
Peculiarities of ecological and geological systems of coarse-clastic soil massifs

Ecological and geological systems formed on massifs of coarse clastic soils have a number of characteristic features of both abiotic components (lithotope, edaphotope) and biotic (microbocenosis, phyto- and zoocenosis). It has been revealed that the structure and functioning of these ecological and geological systems (EGS) are largely determined by the features of their lithotope – complexly built massifs of coarse clastic soils with a certain genesis (relating to the eluvial, water, glacial, slope or volcanogenic-sedimentary series), geological structure, relief and exogenous geological processes developed within these massifs. The main features of the EGS lithotope of the coarse-grained soil massif include the following: 1) discrete structure of the massif due to rock fragments of different sizes; 2) the shape of the debris; 3) the presence and features of the porous filler; 4) chemical and mineral composition of fragments; 5) soil salinity; 6) geochemical migration of substances; 7) physical and mechanical properties of the soil; 8) soil weathering; 9) its water cut; 10) expressiveness in relief; 11) paragenesis of modern exogenous geological processes (weathering, erosion, cryogenic processes, as well as slope gravitational processes: landslides, screes, stone avalanches, etc.). This abiotic component affects both the formation of soils and the formation of microbiocenoses, phyto- and zoocenoses developed within these systems. The features of a specific ecological-geological system of a coarse-clastic soil massif are considered on the example of the Big and Small Iremel mountains in the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan), whose specific biocenosis is characterized by a boreal mountain-taiga type. Scale-type epilithic lichens play an important role in the formation of their phytocenoses.

(in Russian, стр.15, fig. 11, tables. 0, ref 15, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 28 (2025 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2025-28-1

Korolev V. A., Galkin A. N.
Features of agricultural ecological-geological systems of Belarus

Natural-technical agricultural ecological-geological systems occupy significant areas in Belarus, but there is only scattered information about their abiotic and biotic components. Based on the classification of ecological-geological systems of the republic developed by the authors, a general description has been compiled and features of abiotic (lithotope, hydrotope, edaphotope) and biotic (microbocenosis, phytocenosis, zoocenosis) components of agricultural EGS are identified. These EGS are characterized by a specific structure and include technogenically transformed components. Most of the agricultural lands of Belarus are located on flat river terraces and flat watersheds, but their plowing gradually led to the formation of a transformed relief. Natural geodynamic processes are practically absent in these territories, but parageneses of engineering-geological processes caused by agricultural activity are developing. The use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides transforms natural geochemical fields and changes the properties of natural geochemical barriers. The transformations are caused by changes in albedo on agricultural lands, which causes changes in the radiation-thermal balance of the territories. Soils are transformed into technoedaphotopes, microbiocenoses – into technomicrobiocenoses, phytocenoses – into crop-cenoses, zoocenoses – into technozoocenoses. Natural-technical agricultural ecological-geological systems of Belarus are complex specific formations with characteristic features. It must be taken into account when analyzing ecosystems formed under conditions of heterogeneity of the composition and properties of the technogenic component, as well as during their systematization and ecological-geological surveys.

(in Russian, стр.13, fig. 9, tables. 0, ref 27, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)