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Vol. 28 (2025 year), No. 4, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2025-28-4/2

Ryabokoneva L. A., Sergeeva I. Yu., Markov A. S., Kozlova O. V., Kiseleva T. F.
Supercritical extraction as a method for obtaining Coriandrum sativum essential oil with increased linalool content

Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction is widely used to obtain lipid substances from essential oil raw materials. The study has demonstrated the feasibility of using supercritical extraction to isolate substances exhibiting various biological activities from coriander (Coriandrum sativum) fruits. Extraction has been carried out at a pressure of 10 and 20 MPa; in receiving separators 1 and 2, the pressure varies from 4 to 6 MPa; the temperature in the working column is maintained at 35 °C; gas flow rate is 2.1 l/min. The total yield of the lipophilic fraction is 10.8 %, with the maximum yield observed in separator 2. The yield at 10 MPa reaches 4.88 %, and at 20 MPa – 5.92 %. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been performed for two fractions obtained as a result of extraction. The content (as a percentage of the total amount of all components) of the main target component varies in the range of 39.04–75.9 %; fatty acids – 43.3 % (fraction 1) and 14.1 % (fraction 2). The study has included a solubility test of the obtained samples, verification of the obtained results, and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the presented method relative to standard extraction methods and raw material preparation. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of fluid extraction for obtaining coriander essential oil.

(in Russian, стр.11, fig. 5, tables. 5, ref 30, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 28 (2025 year), No. 4, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2025-28-4/2

Zhigailov A. S., Vechtomova E. A., Russakov D. M., Kozlova O. V.
Biological role of selenium and comparative evaluation of methods for obtaining its bioavailable forms for biofortification of agricultural crops

Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element necessary for the normal functioning of the human and animal body. It plays a key role in antioxidant defense, the immune system, thyroid hormone metabolism, and other physiological processes. Its deficiency, due to its low content in the soils of many regions of the world, leads to serious diseases such as Kashin – Bek disease and Keshan disease, and excess can cause toxic poisoning – selenosis. A pressing challenge in agricultural development is the development of effective biofortification methods aimed at increasing the content of bioavailable forms of selenium in plants without negatively impacting their growth and productivity. This study has compared current physical, chemical, and biological methods for producing bioavailable forms of selenium. Physical methods (mechanical grinding, laser ablation, and ultrasonic treatment) produce pure selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), but require significant energy inputs; the nanoparticles can undergo agglomeration. Chemical methods, based on using soluble selenium compounds (selenates and selenites) and the chemical synthesis of SeNPs, ensure highly efficient selenium absorption by plants, but require strict dosage control due to the risk of toxicity and potential environmental pollution. Biological methods involve the use of microorganisms capable of transforming selenium into organic forms (selenocysteine and selenomethionine). They are environmentally friendly and promote the natural accumulation of selenium in plants. However, their effectiveness depends on soil conditions and crop type. A combined approach integrating the advantages of different methods appears to be the most effective strategy.

(in Russian, стр.17, fig. 3, tables. 3, ref 50, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)