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Vol. 24 (2021 year), No. 4, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-4

Romanenko N. Yu. , Mezenova O. Ya., Nekrasova Yu. O.
Specialized sports nutrition products using protein hydrolysis compositions of collagen-containing fish raw materials

The development of specialized sports nutrition with components of collagen-containing fish raw materials is due to the shortage of domestic products of this group, the problem of fish waste processing, scientific data on bioactive peptides of marine origin. Low-molecular active peptides and protein-mineral compositions in the form of powder and liquid dietary supplements were obtained from the scales of sardine and sardinella by methods of deep hydrolysis. During the hydrolysis of raw materials, fermentolysis was carried out with the Alcalase 2.5L enzyme, thermohydrolysis – at temperatures of 130–140 °C. The chemical composition of the scales of two fish species, the products of its hydrolysis, and the amino acid composition of its proteins have been studied. The amount of low-molecular-weight peptides in hydrolysates of sardine scales was investigated by various methods of hydrolysis. Rational methods of hydrolysis of scales – enzymatic and enzymatic-thermal – have been substantiated. They make it possible to obtain protein supplements with protein content of 83.9–85.2 % with a proportion of active peptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa 91.7–98.1 %. A technology for obtaining protein supplements from fish scales has been developed, and their amino acid composition has been studied. The presence of irreplaceable and ergogenic amino acids, accompanying nitrogenous compounds, valuable in sports nutrition, was shown in the peptide supplement. An increased content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the protein-mineral dietary supplement being important for the musculoskeletal tissues of an athlete has been established. On the basis of protein supplements in dry and liquid forms with the addition of beekeeping products, the technology of chewing marmalade for sports nutrition has been developed. Bioproduct "Apikolltonus" belongs to the class of gainers with a protein content of 20.5 %, a carbohydrate of 41.6 % with an amino acid value of BCAA (isoleucine : leucine : valine) 2 : 1 : 1.5. A multicomponent bar for sports nutrition has been developed using protein hydrolysates of scales, flaxseed and apple cakes, and pine nuts. The bar is functional in terms of the content of calcium and phosphorus, dietary fiber, flavonoids, and vitamin E. Recommendations for the use of new sports nutrition products are substantiated.

(in Russian, стр.13, fig. 5, tables. 7, ref 41, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 26 (2023 year), No. 3, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-3

Mezenova O. Ya., Agafonova S. V., Romanenko N. Yu., Kalinina N. S., Volkov V. V., Merzel J.-T.
Investigation of the biopotential of products of hydrolysis of waste from cutting the white-legged shrimp Penaeus vannamei

The relevance of studying the biopotential of shrimp waste and their hydrolysates is due to the need for complex processing of secondary raw materials of aquatic organisms to obtain useful products. At the fish processing plant Vichyunai-Rus LLC when manufacturing food products from white-legged shrimp, up to 60 % of the mass of waste (cephalothorax, shell) remains. This raw material contains valuable organic components, but is not processed. The paper proposes its complex processing with the production of hydrolysates in two ways – high-temperature and enzymatic. During thermohydrolysis in the aquatic environment, three fractions are formed from shrimp waste (fatty, water-soluble and water-insoluble). After separation, the water-soluble fraction was sublimated, and the water-insoluble fraction was dried by convection. The fat fraction was further purified by washing in warm water. The general chemical composition of shrimp waste and hydrolysis products has been studied. It has been shown that water-soluble hydrolysates are a good source of protein components (66.6–71.6 %). In comparative studies of the amino acid composition of water-soluble hydrolysates, the presence of all essential amino acids is established with minor differences between the samples. Both hydrolysates are dominated by alanine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, valine (3.3–6.4 g/100 g of protein). In terms of formol-titratable nitrogen in fermentolisates, alkalase ferments shrimp waste more actively than collagenase. The fatty acid composition of lipids isolated by thermohydrolysis from shrimp waste has been analyzed. Shrimp oil is characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (44.7 %) with a relatively low content of omega-3 family acids (10.7 %) and a high content of omega-6 (33.9 %) at a ratio of 1 : 3.2 (close to the physiologically recommended). The organoleptic characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble shrimp hydrolysates have been studied. Due to the content of valuable biologically active components in hydrolyzates, their use as food and feed additives – sources of active peptides, high-molecular proteins, minerals and chitinous components – is recommended.

(in Russian, стр.9, fig. 0, tables. 4, ref 19, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 27 (2024 year), No. 3, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2024-27-3

Karlov V. A., Golbraikh A. A., Mezenova O. Ya.
Producing food supplements by complex processing of fruits and vegetables of reduced quality using biotechnology methods

The actuality of processing of substandard by external signs fruit and vegetables is caused by their higher volumes in the processing industry and retail chains, and additionally by their high biopotentials. The aim of research is to ground complex processing of such raw materials to obtain food supplements containing natural biologically active components, and assessment of their nutritional functionality. The experiments used apples, bananas, oranges, potatoes, carrots, tomatoes and cucumbers that did not meet the freshness criteria of GOST 57976-2017, but without any signs of microbial damage. Three types of experimental mixtures were made from this raw material: fruit, vegetable and fruit-vegetable. The key processing operation was the enzymatic hydrolysis of the mixtures with various carbohydrases (cellulase, ?-glucanase, amylase and glucoamylase). The hydrolyzed mixtures were fractionated, followed by dehydration of the fractions to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble powder supplements. During the fermentation process, the accumulation of simple sugars, dry substances in water-soluble fractions, and the yield of finished products were studied. The highest concentrations of sugars are found in water-soluble fractions from fruit mixtures. In the resulting supplements from three types of mixtures, organoleptic characteristics, chemical composition, and the content of functional food ingredients – vitamin C, substances with P-vitamin activity, and dietary fiber have been studied. The qualitative composition of dietary fiber and other polysaccharides in a water-insoluble supplement has been established using IR-spectra. Taking into account the obtained data, calculations have been made to satisfy the daily physiological needs for established biologically active substances when consuming 100 g of supplements for ordinary people and athletes. It is recommended to use supplements as enriching agents for functional purposes in specialized antioxidant, immunomodulatory and prebiotic nutrition, including as part of dietary supplements for athletes.

(in Russian, стр.14, fig. 3, tables. 7, ref 31, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)