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Vol. 28 (2025 year), No. 4, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2025-28-4/2

Zhigailov A. S., Vechtomova E. A., Russakov D. M., Kozlova O. V.
Biological role of selenium and comparative evaluation of methods for obtaining its bioavailable forms for biofortification of agricultural crops

Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element necessary for the normal functioning of the human and animal body. It plays a key role in antioxidant defense, the immune system, thyroid hormone metabolism, and other physiological processes. Its deficiency, due to its low content in the soils of many regions of the world, leads to serious diseases such as Kashin – Bek disease and Keshan disease, and excess can cause toxic poisoning – selenosis. A pressing challenge in agricultural development is the development of effective biofortification methods aimed at increasing the content of bioavailable forms of selenium in plants without negatively impacting their growth and productivity. This study has compared current physical, chemical, and biological methods for producing bioavailable forms of selenium. Physical methods (mechanical grinding, laser ablation, and ultrasonic treatment) produce pure selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), but require significant energy inputs; the nanoparticles can undergo agglomeration. Chemical methods, based on using soluble selenium compounds (selenates and selenites) and the chemical synthesis of SeNPs, ensure highly efficient selenium absorption by plants, but require strict dosage control due to the risk of toxicity and potential environmental pollution. Biological methods involve the use of microorganisms capable of transforming selenium into organic forms (selenocysteine and selenomethionine). They are environmentally friendly and promote the natural accumulation of selenium in plants. However, their effectiveness depends on soil conditions and crop type. A combined approach integrating the advantages of different methods appears to be the most effective strategy.

(in Russian, стр.17, fig. 3, tables. 3, ref 50, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)