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Yanchukovsky V. L., Khisamov R. Z., Kalyuzhnaya M. A., Kuz'menko V. S.
Increasing the reliability of the results of PLS analysis in assessing the temperature effect of muons in the atmosphere
DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2026-29-1-134-143
Abstract. Knowledge of the temperature coefficient density distribution function for muons in the atmosphere is required to correctly account for the temperature effect in data from cosmic-ray muon telescopes. Temperature coefficient density distributions were found using continuous muon intensity observations obtained by muon telescopes at the surface and underground at depths of 7, 20, and 40 m.w.e. for the period from 2016 to 2018, and temperature data at 17 isobaric atmospheric levels obtained from upper-air soundings over the same period. Multivariate data analysis for the temperature effect has been conducted using principal component analysis and latent structure projection (LSP). Temperature coefficient density distributions are determined using one and two principal components, followed by a comparison of the results. With two principal components, the information content increases by ~4 % to 97.4 % (the majority of the original sample's variations are attributed to the first principal component, which contains 93.5 % of the information). However, the likelihood of noise contribution increases, while noise contribution is minimal with a single LC. The study has demonstrated that, in the presence of high noise levels (with low initial data quality), PLS analysis should be performed using only one principal component to increase the reliability of the final result.
Printed reference: Increasing the reliability of the results of PLS analysis in assessing the temperature effect of muons in the atmosphere / V. Yanchukovsky, R. Khisamov, M. Kalyuzhnaya, V. Kuz'menko // Vestnik of MSTU. 2026. V. 29, No 1. P. 134-143.
Electronic reference: Increasing the reliability of the results of PLS analysis in assessing the temperature effect of muons in the atmosphere / V. Yanchukovsky, R. Khisamov, M. Kalyuzhnaya, V. Kuz'menko // Vestnik of MSTU. 2026. V. 29, No 1. P. 134-143. URL: https://vestnik.mauniver.ru/v29_1_n107/12_Yanchukovsky_134-143.pdf.
